Rhetorical Precis of "Equal Access to Training for Black and Minority Ethnic Nurses"

In "Equal Access to Training for Black and Minority Ethnic Nurses" Ken Grainger asserts that although black and minority ethnic young people are increasingly attracted to nursing, statistics show that black and ethnic minorities have less than half the chance of getting into a nursing school than white applicants do. Grainger supports his claim by suggesting that the nursing remains a working class occupation that requires multiple skills including the less pleasant aspects of the human condition. The writer soon suggests that social factors such as class, school, background ,location, gender, and ethnicity may have the biggest impact on the acceptance rate of individuals in nursing schools. Ken Grainger seems to have a firm tone against the discrimination of black and minority ethnic groups in the acceptance of nursing schools. He seems to educate his audience by providing statistics that support the claim of discrimination of minorities in the field of nursing.

Rhetorical Precis of" When the World Is White"

In "When the World Is White" Mary L. Wilsby asserts that there are racial disparities in the nursing profession and nursing education. Wilsby supports her claim with the following statement American nursing has been and continues to be a predominantly white, female profession and that does not reflect the diversity of the population. The writer soon suggests that the United States nursing education system has been viewed by some as a culture that reflects white, middle-class values which has created barriers for minority students. Mary Wilsby seems to have a strong-minded view on the prominent figure in the professional nursing. She seems to keep her audience in mind by supporting her claims with statistics as well as offering a solution to the racial disparities in the nursing profession and nursing education.

Rhetorical Precis "Turning Base Hits into Earned Runs"

In "Turning Base Hits into Earned Runs: Improving the Effectiveness of Forensic DNA Data Bank Programs" Frederick R. Bieber asserts that a benefit of DNA databse hits is an increase in potential suspects. However, the failure of law enforcement to follow up on DNA matches. Bieber believes that since law enforcement failures to follow up on these leads, individuals become less confident in the judicial system. Bieber keeps his affirmitive tone throughout his article by suggesting multiple times that DNA collection and databanks are efficent, however, it is up to law enforcement and the system to follow up on these leads.

Bieber, Frederick R. "Turning Base Hits Into Earned Runs: Improving The Effectiveness Of Forensic DNA Data Bank Programs." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34.2 (2006): 222-233. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 12 Mar. 2013.

Rhetorical Precis of "Twenty Years of DNA Databanks in the U.S. "

In "Twenty Years of DNA Databanks in the U.S." Sheldon Krimsky emphasizes that there has been an expansion of the categories of individuals whose forensic DNA samples are deposited into CODIS. This varies from convicted felons to sex offenders to undocumented immigrants and misdemeanants who have neither been charged nor convicted of a crime. Krimsky supports his claim by stating that 11 states have passed laws allowing police to obtain DNA forensic profiles of arrestees who have not been charged or convicted of a crime. Proposition 16 in California helps enforce the point the writer is giving to the reader which is that DNA is influential to the convictions of criminals and of solving cold cases.

 Krimsky, Sheldon. "Twenty Years Of DNA Databanks In The U.S." Genewatch 24.5 (2011): 9-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.

Rhetorical Precis "Revise Policies Mandating Offender DNA Collection"

In "Revise Policies Mandating Offender DNA Collection" Ralph Taylor et. al state that all states in the United States require some categories of convicted offenders to submit physical samples for later DNA analysis. Taylor et. al support their claim by stating that the use of DNA collection is to keep offenders from reoffending. The writers soon suggest that investigators use these DNA profiles from offenders and from CODIS to DNA evidence from past and current crimes. Taylor et. al warn their readers that the back log for the CODIS system is so large that the lag time for the submission of DNA into it is a serious flaw. However, they feel that the use of CODIS to solve cold cases is a plus to the lag time.

Brian R. Wyant, et al. "Revise Policies Mandating Offender Dna Collection." Criminology & Public Policy 6.4 (2007): 851-861. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.

Rhetorical Precis of "Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank"

In "Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level" Matthew Gabriel et. al assert that by utilizing the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) many "cold hits" are provided by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to offenders residing in CODIS. Gabriel et. al support their claim by showing that the DNA testing in property crimes, “best evidence” items left at residential and commercial burglaries in San Francisco are subjected to streamlined DNA testing. To date, nearly 75 cases have been analyzed, resulting in 58 CODIS eligible DNA profiles and 42 cold hits (a 72% hit rate). The writers soon suggest the effectiveness of CODIS, citing the overburdened police investigators and understaffed DNA laboratories, are unable to address the increased caseloads. Gabriel et. al seem to have a supportive tone towards using CODIS by providing the success rate of all DNA matches in a wide variety of crimes. They seem to keep their audience in mind by showing the success of using CODIS however, they point out how the backlog for CODIS is substantially long resulting in hardened criminals walking the streets.

 

Gabriel, Matthew, Cherisse Boland, and Cydne Holt. "Beyond The Cold Hit: Measuring The Impact Of The National DNA Data Bank On Public Safety At The City And County Level." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38.2 (2010): 396-411. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.

Chapter 13 Rhetorical Precis

In Chapter 13 of "Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments" Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer assert that there are four major components to a proposal argument. Faigley and Selzer support their claim by going in to detail of each of these components: identifying and defining the problem, stating a proposed solution, convincing readers that the proposed solution is fair and will work and demonstrating that the solution is feasible. The writers soon suggest that by setting out your solution first and the clear goals of your solution, if the readers agree they will soon want to take action.  Faigley and Selzer seem to have a supportive tone towards providing students with steps to writing a proposal argument. They seem to keep their audience in mind by outlining each step and giving key details about each step that can help a writer become successful when writing a proposal argument.

MWP #1 Intro/Definition paragraph

The most difficult thing for a parent to endure is to watch his/her child become deathly ill with little or nothing to do to help their child. Imagine that your child had a life threatening disease such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, a blood and bone marrow cancer, which is the case in the heart wrenching fictional novel My Sister’s Keeper. This novel illustrates with today’s advancements in technology such as gene mapping, parents will no longer have to suffer with this type of tragedy. Once again envision your child had this aggressive type of cancer would you take advantage of the medical advancements and create what is known as a savior sibling, or would you simply hope your child would be lucky enough to find a donor that matched his/her bone marrow? That is the ethical issue that is raised today with all the new techniques as well as technology involved in creating such humans known as sibling saviors. Many debates have spurred from this topic especially the selfish use of gene mapping for creating designer babies and savior siblings rather than using this technology to eliminate embryos that have life threatening diseases or may threaten the mother’s life during pregnancy and birth. The lack of ethics has played a key role in abusing the gene mapping technique as well as abusing savior siblings, which is the case in My Sister’s Keeper.

In this paper I will be discussing gene mapping and creating designer babies and savior siblings. Therefore, key medical and ethical terms are vital to the understanding of the overall argument of this paper. Gene mapping can be defined as the arrangement of genes, a graphic representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome which can manipulate a specific trait of an individual (Ex. Eye color). The term designer baby can be defined as a baby preselected at the embryo stage for desirable characteristics (ex. gender)

"To Be or Not to Be My Sister's Keeper? A Revised Legal Framework Safeguarding Savior Siblings' Welfare" Rhetorical Precis

In "To Be or Not to Be My Sister's Keeper? A Revised Legal Framework Safeguarding Savior Siblings' Welfare" Amy Lai asserts that although My Sister's Keeper is fictionous the creation of savior siblings is a real phenomenon. Lai supports her claim by discussing the birth of Adam Nash, who was the first successful child with the use of a technique called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Lai then quotes Dr. Wagner about this case "the work done to combine pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) to create a healthy cord blood donor holds great promise for those not only with Fanconi anemia, but also leukemia, thalassemia, Hurler syndrome and other dieseases that cause the immune system and bone marrow to fail." Lai has a strong opinion on this topic by brining up the legal issue that young children are incapable of making reasoned decisions and the proposal of regulations that prohibit young children to volunteer their tissue or organs despite their wishes. Lai keeps her readers in mind by connecting this legal issue back into the novel My Sister's Keeper whose climax involves the savior sibling filing a law suit against her parents.

REFERENCE



Lai, Amy. "To Be or Not to Be My Sisters' Keeper?". Journal of Legal Medicine 32, 3, pp. 261-293, CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

"Theraeutic Reproduction and Human Dignity" Rhetorical Precis

In the article "Therapeutic Reproduction and Human Dignity" (2009) Richard Storrow accentuates the fact that bioethicists have long embraced literature as a valuable tool. Storrow supports this claim by stating that the study of ficition can be transformitive in addressing not only existing bioethical dilemmas but also ones that yet remain in the realm of speculation. The literary works of Jodi Picoult in "My Sister's Keeper" triggered the controversy of reproduction-assisting technologies and the crisis in human organ donation. Storrow soon turns to the point of view in which this book was written in which is from the donor's perspective. This novel raises questions about the lengths to which families and society should go to heal those stricken by disease. Strorrow has a strong opinion on the excellent depcition of seperation of family and state in this novel. He keeps his audience in mind by restating the metaphor found inside My Sister's Keeper which was "the firefighter husband describing his family as a house fire out of control" and relating this metaphor to the explosive technology that has created these saviour children.

REFERENCE

Storrow, Richard F. "Therapeutic Reproduction and Human Dignity." Law and Literature Vol. 21 , No. 2 (2009): 257-274. Print.  

"Designing Babies: What the Future Holds" Rhetorical Precis

In the article "Designing Babies: What the Future Holds" (2004) Yury Verlinsky empasizes the various ethical debates over teh techniques and technologies behind human designer babies. Verlinsky supports his claim by stating this controversial question: should it be illegal for parents and doctors to design babies by selecting pr altering an embryo and bring it to a full-term fetus. The writer soon acknowledges the fact that sorting through embroys is beneficial in the case to prevent certain genetic diseases in order to reduce the financial and emotional strains on the parents. Verlinsky shifts his tone towards the economic situation in the United States, which he believes plays a significant role in making choices such as the characteristics of a new born child. He keeps his audience in mind by not completely demoralizing the designing of unborn children. He goes into great detail about PGD which is a medical diagnostic procedure allowing the design to avoid the pregnancy with congenital disease.

REFERENCES

Velinsky, Yury. "Designing Babies: What the Future Holds." Reproductive Biomedicine Online (Reproductive Healthcare Limited) 10. (2005): 24-26. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

"Should Selecting Saviour Siblings be Banned" Rhetorical Precis

In "Should Selecting Saviour Siblings be Banned?" (2004) S. Sheldon asserts that parents are using these saviour siblings as a means to their own ends. The writer soon suggests that all humans use other humans as a mean to their own ends. A blood transfusion is a perfect example of this, however, quite different than creating a new human to be a saviour to a brother/sister. The difference between a simple blood transfusion and a saviour sibling is that blood donations are given by individuals who are willing to donate blood. Saviour siblings are created for only one purpose and that is to save the other siblings life. Sheldon has a very strong opinion about creating children in the name of saving a different child stating "It is totally unethical. You are not creating a child for itself." and "The trouble really is that this child as it grows up has been brought into the world because it is a commodiy." Sheldon's tone is very concerned by stating that these type of children suffer both physical harm from the use of PGD and psychological harm. The author keeps in mind his readers by going in depth about each topic of the article such as outlining the welfare of a child, and the slippery slope of designing such babies.

REFERENCES

Sheldon S. "Should Selecting Saviour Siblings Be Banned?" Journal of Medical Ethics. Vol. 30 No. 6 (Dec., 2004): 533-37. Print.

Rhetorical Precis of "The Parental Investment Factor and the Child's Right to an Open Future"

In "The Parental Investment Factor and the Child's Right to an Open Future" (2009) Dena Davis asserts that the cost of gene mapping as well as the potential of forcing an unborn child into hobbies they may not like is unethical. Davis supports this claim by using children that were born naturally and how they sometimes do not agree with what their parents want for their future. The writer soons suggests that gene mapping gives a child a life that may seem unfilling. Davis uses the example of giving a child the physical attributes to be a football player, however, the attributes of the mind cannot be picked so the child might want to play the piano instead of be a quarterback. Davis has a very strong opinion on this topic showing the risk for such gene mapping does not out weigh the end result. Her tone is very stern especially for picking and choosing the "acceptable" genes a parent wants for their child. She outlines the costs of such procedures as well as the risks involved for both the mother and the child. By outling this she hints to the readers that reproduction should not be risky nor expensive but rather suprising and wonderful.

"The Parental Investment Factor and the Child's Right to an Open Future"

10 Questions

Brainstorm 10 Questions That You Want To Know About

1.      The use of the controversial Meth billboards, do they work any statistics behind it?

2.      How do children learn basic skills such as reading and talking?

3.      What are the crucial steps during pregnancy for development of a healthy baby?

4.      Why is America falling behind on an international level? Education system?

5.      What is autism, and how is it diagnosed?

6.      What is the acceptance rates to most medical schools?
7.      Choosing the sex of an unborn child?
8.      What are the duties of labor and delivery nurses?

9.      What are the duties of a nursery nurse?

10.  What exactly do influenza vaccines do?

Rhetorical Precis Chapter 9

In Chapter 9 of "Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments" Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer assert that finding a casual claim on a controversial trend, event, or phenomenon is key to building a strong argument. Faigley and Selzer support their claim by suggesting that by picking a controversial topic the writer can choose a side and think of possible causes of this trend, event, or phenomenon. The writers soon suggest that by analyzing your potential readers the writer can figure out how in depth they should go on the background of the topic and identify how likely the readers are to accept the casual explanation. Faigley and Selzer seem to have a supportive tone towards providing students with steps to writing a casual argument. They seem to keep their audience in mind by outlining each step and giving key details about each step that can help a writer become successful when writing a casual argument.

Rhetorical Precis Chapter 7

In Chapter 7 of "Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments" Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer assert that a writer rarely sets out to define something in an argument for the sake of the definition, to compare for the sake of comparison, or to adopt any other ways of structuring an argument. Faigley and Selzer support their claim by suggesting that many writers now a days have a purpose in mind and they use the kinds of arguments that use multiple approaches and multiple sources of good reasons. The writers soon suggest that by using a combination of different approaches and multiple sources to support the argument being presented.Faigley and Selzer seem to have a supportive tone towards providing students with good information about writing an argument. They seem to keep their audience in mind by outlining what the next few chapters have in store for the reader.

"Knowledge is Power"

In today's age many people are very technologically savvy. The internet today allows a majority of its' information to be readily looked at by any interested viewer. Scholarly articles, however, do not fall under the category of free. I believe that scholarly research should be available to everyone that is seeking knowledge because that is what allows our country to grow intellectually. Researchers who write scholarly articles do not do so because of the great money they receive, or there lack of, but rather for the credibility it will bring to their name. On the other hand many scholarly research websites charge a large fee (estimate $25,000 by Kevin Seeber) users to look at these types of scholarly articles. I feel that if someone is interested enough to look up a topic such as "Correlations Between Death and Smoking" then information should be readily available. This person looking this information up could be thinking about stopping smoking but just want some solid research behind why smoking is bad for you. In the article Priced To Sell I think that this point about prices is an example of why wikis are used so much "price difference between the two chocolates was exactly the same, but that magic word “free” has the power to create a consumer stampede." Wikis are excellent to get information but the ability for people to edit whatever they feel ruins the credibility. The cost to look up simple medical facts on Wikipedia is $0, where it would cost a college student to see such facts in a research paper is basically the cost of their tuition for that semester. If there was a scholarly website identical to JSTOR but was free I believe that more people would find valuable and reliable information. The cost for such academic journals is ridiculous and the fact that it is part of many classes cirriculum to cite such sources is a little extreme. A technological utopian not just for students but for the public would be the ability to find an article that has facts and research behind it without spending a cent for the valuable information. Just maybe if such educated information was available to the public the United States would be able to educate more people for free, causing a widespread effect of the overall thought that education and knowledge is a free right to everyone not just people with thousands of dollars to blow.

Rhetorical Précis of Margaret Woodworth's Article

In Margaret Woodworth's article "The Rhetorical Précis" (2007) she asserts that younger students become better writers in general  when they engage in daily practice in writing summaries such as rhetorical précis. Woodworth supports her claim by suggesting that after students have mastered the rhetorical précis process students will be able to easily see the use of rhetoric in an article. This highly structured four-sentence paragraph highlights the important rhetorical elements. Her purpose in writing this article was to show how utilizing the rhetorical précis in an English class can help improve the success of the student overall, such as having 76% more students find understanding what they read "less difficult." Margaret Woodworth seems to have a supportive tone towards the use of rhetorical précis inside an English classroom. With the tremendous statistics that support this versatile way of summarizing it seems as if Margaret Woodworth actually uses this strategy herself. Keeping in mind that her audience is both teachers and students, she does not fail to give crucial facts and explain the importance of this strategy; for it will help the learning of her audience for a lifetime.

Rhetorical Précis of "Aaron Swartz, Coder and Activist, Dead at 26"

In his article “Aaron Swartz, Coder and Activist, Dead at 26” (2013), Kevin Poulsen asserts that technological problems will now go unsolved, or be solved a little less brilliantly because of the death of Aaron Swartz. Poulsen supports his claim by going into detail about the many accomplishments of Aaron Swartz such as working with Larry Lessig to launch the Creative Commons, he architected the Internet Archive’s free public catalog of books, OpenLibrary.org, and in 2010 he founded Demand Progress. Poulsen soon challenges the legal system, suggesting that Aaron Swartz was driven to suicide due to the long pre-trial motions, lasting over 18 months. His purpose in writing this article is to show how Aaron Swartz believed that information/knowledge collected through research should be available to everyone, not just solely on people that have money. Kevin Poulsen seems to have a supportive tone towards the actions of Aaron Swartz, such as hacking JSTOR. He seems to keep his audience in mind, by pointing out that JSTOR was not a free journal database but a database used in a wealthy college such as MIT.